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Not every water point in Kenya needs to reach the same depth. Shallow wells and deep boreholes draw from different types of aquifers, and the right choice depends on geology, intended use, and how much you can budget for reliability. Shallow Wells Shallow wells typically draw from the water table close to the surface, often within a few metres to around 20-30 metres deep. They are cheaper and faster to construct, but the water table they draw from is more exposed to seasonal

Before any borehole is drilled, the site needs to be selected. Two very different approaches are used in Kenya to choose where to drill: a scientific hydrogeological survey, and traditional water divining (sometimes called dowsing). The method used has a direct impact on whether a borehole produces reliable water or turns into a costly dry hole. What a Hydrogeological Survey Involves A hydrogeological survey uses geophysical methods, most commonly Vertical Electrical Sounding

Selecting the right casing material is one of the most important decisions during borehole construction. Although it is hidden underground once drilling is complete, the casing plays a critical role in protecting the borehole, maintaining its structural integrity, and preserving the quality of the groundwater for decades. In Kenya, the two most commonly used casing materials are uPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) and steel. Each has distinct advantages, and neither is un

Nairobi doesn't have a water scarcity problem in the way Machakos or Makueni do. It has a water competition problem. The city sits on a genuinely productive aquifer system, and that's exactly why drilling here comes with a different set of questions: how deep is deep enough now, how close is too close to your neighbour's borehole, and will the water table you're drilling into still be there in ten years. This guide looks at what makes Nairobi's hydrogeology unusual, why that